塔里木盆地北部隆起牙哈断裂带负反转过程与油气聚集   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

汤良杰  金之钧 《沉积学报》2000,18(2):302-309

采用地层厚度分析、“零点”分析、位移 /距离曲线分析和断层生长指数分析等方法,讨论了牙哈负反转断裂带的几何学和运动学特征、主反转期及控油作用,结果表明牙哈主断裂主反转期为早白垩世,负反转活动结束于中新世康村期-上新世库车期。牙 1号断裂主反转期为中新世苏维依期,牙 2号断裂主反转期为晚白垩世-老第三纪,二者都于中新世康村期结束反转活动。牙哈断裂带油气聚集和分布与断裂的负反转活动有关。  相似文献   

Evolution of Ore-Forming Fluids and Ag-Cu Polymetal Mineralization in the Lanping Basin, Yunnan   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wang C. S.  Tang J. X.  Gu X. X.WT  ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

EVOLUTION OF ORE-FORMING FLUIDS AND Ag-Cu POLYMETAL MINERALIZATION IN THE LANPING BASIN, YUNNAN“KeyProjectforResourcesandEconomics” (95 0 2 0 0 1 0 1)oftheMinistryofLandResources  相似文献   

Size Fractionation (Dissolved, Colloidal and Particulate) of Trace Metals in the Thur River, Switzerland     

Laura Sigg  Hanbin Xue  David Kistler  René Sshönenberger 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2000,6(4):413-434

The distribution of some trace metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Co,Fe, Mn) and of DOC over a particulate (> 1 m),a colloidal (size < 0.45 m and molecular weight > 10 kD) and an ultrafiltered fraction (< 10 kD)was determined at several sites on the Thur River,Switzerland, at various times of the year. Thecomplexation of Cu by strong ligands in theultrafiltrate and in the conventional filtrate (<0.45 m) was compared using a ligand-exchange/CSV method.The <0.45 m concentrations of Cu (from anaverage of 7 nM to 24 nM), Zn (<5–23 nM), Ni (5–13 nM),Co (1.5–3 nM) and Mn (7–92 nM)increased downstream. The major part of Cu, Zn, Niand Co usually occurred in the ultrafiltratefraction at all sites, whereas Fe and Mn were mostlyin the particulate fraction, under conditions of lowsuspended matter content (< 10 mg L^-1) in theriver. The percentage of metal in the colloidalfraction, with respect to the 0.45-m filtrate,decreased in the order: Cu (median 11%) > Zn Ni(median 5–6%) > Mn Co (median < 5%). DOCalso consisted mostly of molecules in the < 10 kDrange.Cu was strongly complexed by natural organic ligandsin all filtrate and ultrafiltrate samples. A largepart of the strong Cu binding ligands consisted ofcompounds in the < 10 kD range, but colloidalligands with similar properties also occurred. Cu wasdistributed among the dissolved and the colloidalligands, roughly in proportion to organic carbon.The colloidal fraction (as defined here) did notincrease in its proportional amount downstream and wasonly of limited significance in transporting traceelements in the Thur River under low discharge conditions.  相似文献   

Model study of the relationship between sediment yield and river basin area     

S. J. Birkinshaw  J. C. Bathurst 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(6):750-761

The SHETRAN physically based, spatially distributed model is used to investigate the scaling relationship linking specific sediment yield to river basin area, for two contrasting topographies of upland and more homogeneous terrain and as a function of sediment source, land use and rainfall distribution. Modelling enables the effects of the controls to be examined on a systematic basis, while avoiding the difficulties associated with the use of field data (which include limited data, lack of measurements for nested basins and inability to isolate the effects of individual controls). Conventionally sediment yield is held to decrease as basin area increases, as the river network becomes more remote from the headwater sediment sources (an inverse relationship). However, recent studies have reported the opposite variation, depending on the river basin characteristics. The simulation results are consistent with these studies. If the sediment is supplied solely from hillslope erosion (no channel bank erosion) then, with uniform land use, sediment yield either decreases or is constant as area increases. The downstream decrease is accentuated if rainfall (and thence erosion) is higher in the headwaters than at lower elevations. Introducing a non‐uniform land use (e.g. forest at higher elevations, wheat at lower elevations) can reverse the trend, so that sediment yield increases downstream. If the sediment is supplied solely from bank erosion (no hillslope erosion), the sediment yield increases downstream for all conditions. The sediment yield/basin area relationship can thus be inverse or direct, depending on basin characteristics. There still remains, therefore, considerable scope for defining a universal scaling law for sediment yield. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A conceptual model of depositional,rather than erosional,tidal channel development in the rapidly prograding Skagit River Delta (Washington,USA)     

W. Gregory Hood 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(14):1824-1838

The origin and growth of blind tidal channels is generally considered to be an erosional process. This paper describes a contrasting depositional model for blind tidal channel origin and development in the Skagit River delta, Washington, USA. Chronological sequences of historical maps and photos spanning the last century show that as sediments accumulated at the river mouth, vegetation colonization created marsh islands that splintered the river into distributaries. The marsh islands coalesced when intervening distributary channels gradually narrowed and finally closed at the upstream end to form a blind tidal channel, or at mid‐length to form two blind tidal channels. Channel closure was probably often mediated through gradient reduction associated with marsh progradation and channel lengthening, coupled with large woody debris blockages. Blind tidal channel evolution from distributaries was common in the Skagit marshes from 1889 to the present, and it can account for the origin of very small modern blind tidal channels. The smallest observed distributary‐derived modern blind tidal channels have mean widths of 0·3 m, at the resolution limit of the modern orthophotographs. While channel initiation and persistence are similar processes in erosional systems, they are different processes in this depositional model. Once a channel is obstructed and isolated from distributary flow, only tidal flow remains and channel persistence becomes a function of tidal prism and tidal or wind/wave erosion. In rapidly prograding systems like the Skagit, blind tidal channel networks are probably inherited from the antecedent distributary network. Examination of large‐scale channel network geometry of such systems should therefore consider distributaries and blind tidal channels part of a common channel network and not entirely distinct elements of the system. Finally, managers of tidal habitat restoration projects generally assume an erosional model of tidal channel development. However, under circumstances conducive to progradation, depositional channel development may prevail instead. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Bed waves at the basin scale: implications for river management and restoration     

L. Allan James 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(13):1692-1706

An extensive literature about fluvial sediment waves, slugs or pulses has emerged in the past 20 years. The concept has been useful in many respects, but has been applied to diverse phenomena using a variety of definitions. Moreover, inferred linkages between channel‐bed changes and sediment loads are often not justifiable. This paper reviews concepts of large fluvial sediment waves at scales extending to several tens of kilometres. It points out constraints on the inferences that can be made about sediment loads based on changes in channel‐bed elevation at this scale where channel sediment interacts with storage in floodplain and terrace deposits. The type area of G. K. Gilbert's initial sediment‐wave concept is re‐examined to show that neither wave translation nor dispersion occurred in the simple manner commonly assumed. Channel aggradation and return to graded conditions provide an alternative theory explaining Gilbert's observed bed‐elevation changes. Recognizing the evidence and implications of the former passage of a large‐scale bed wave is essential to the accurate diagnosis of catchment conditions and the adoption of appropriate river restoration goals or methods. Sediment loads, water quality, channel morphologic stability and aquatic ecosystems often reflect changes in sediment storage long after the channel bed has returned to grade. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

东湾背斜构造特征与勘探目标选择     

王长城  施泽进  田亚铭  徐亮  李和  徐伟 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(1):23-27

东湾背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘,采用多种地球物理及地质方法,通过多次论证,证明构造是落实的,且其烃源岩、储集层以及盖层条件都较好,但2003年完钻的东湾1井钻探结果却无任何油气显示。在深入了解准噶尔盆地南缘区域构造背景的基础上,探讨了东湾背斜的构造特征、构造演化过程及油气成藏条件,总结出东湾背斜的油气聚集规律,指出在东湾地区可能存在的两种油气藏模式,最后提出下步有利勘探目标区。  相似文献   

江汉叠合盆地及邻区中生代以来盆山耦合数值模拟研究     

徐政语  姚根顺  林舸  郭庆新 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(3):305-311

江汉叠合盆地位于扬子地台中部,夹持于秦岭-大别及江南造山带中段之间。中生代以来,先后经历了北部陆陆碰撞、南部陆内挤压造山与断陷、裂陷成盆的演化历程,区域构造体制在中生代发生了重大转换,其中复合、联合了众多的地质现象;盆地历经的海盆、煤盆、盐盆、陆相广盆四个盆地世代详细记录有中国南北大陆联合及东北亚大陆构造体制转换的运动学过程,是认识欧亚大陆东部深层动力地质作用过程的关键地区之一。盆地沉积充填过程可简要概括为前陆、裂陷、坳陷三种基本样式。系统的盆山构造样式及运动学分析结果表明:叠合盆地前陆期发育于同碰撞-造山后作用阶段早期,断、坳陷期发育于造山后作用阶段晚期-非造山裂解阶段。本文运用大陆动力学数值模拟(FLAC软件)方法,从挤压和伸展两方面效验了山-盆演化分别受控于印支-早燕山期的华南与华北陆块的旋转碰撞造山,以及随后的晚燕山-喜山早期碰后陆内俯冲作用所产生的板片断离引起的地幔物质上升与对流作用,晚喜山期太平洋板块俯冲作用以及由此产生的地幔调整等三期动力学系统。为南方中小型叠合盆地动力学解析提供了一种新的思路与研究方法。  相似文献   

五台山区太古宙/元古宙界线划分及其地球演化意义     

李江海  牛向龙  钱祥麟  田永清 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(4):409-418

太古宙/元古宙界线代表地球演化历史上的重大事件,如何准确标定和划分这一界线对认识早期演化历史具有重要意义。区域构造及同位素地质年代学研究表明,华北克拉通新太古代构造演化明显滞后于欧美澳等克拉通,成为有利于建立太古宙/元古宙界线的关键地区。山西五台山区保留了较完整的新太古代-古元古代地层记录。先前研究主要依据该区地层、区域构造、叠层石记录进行界线划分,并对界线争议较多。本文在五台山区长期野外研究的基础上,通过对磨拉石沉积、同构造花岗岩、裂解环境相关玄武岩的综合探讨,建议这一界线划分在东冶亚群与豆村亚群之间。初步的同位素年龄制约表明,这一界线的时代介于2549±22Ma到2450±10Ma之间,与早期大陆克拉通伸展裂解、隆升剥蚀相关,并涉及岩石圈、水圈、大气圈性质的重大变化。  相似文献   

四川叠合盆地盆山耦合特征分析   总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3  

姚根顺  李大成  卢文忠  徐政语 《大地构造与成矿学》2006,30(4):435-444

四川叠合盆地三面环山,自东而西夹持于江南、秦岭与龙门山三大山系之间,位于古亚洲、环太平洋与特提斯三大构造域的结合部位;中生代以来,先后经历了海盆、煤盆、陆相广盆、残盆四个盆地世代;盆地沉积充填过程可概括为前陆、坳陷、再生前陆三种基本样式。系统的山盆构造样式及运动学、沉积充填过程分析结果表明盆地周缘造山带造山活动期与盆内古隆起发育期时间耦合;盆地周缘造山带造山活动期与盆地沉积环境转换期时间耦合;盆地周缘造山带构造轴线走向基本保持与盆内山前坳陷或前陆褶冲带构造轴线走向相耦合;盆地周缘造山带不同时期形成的褶冲构造轴线走向基本保持与其同期盆内产生的沉积或沉降中心构造轴线走向相耦合。  相似文献